This monograph explores the theoretical and practical foundations for enhancing the economic mechanisms of financial support in the agricultural sector, with a focus on sustainability and efficiency. Emphasizing the importance of agriculture for food security, socio-economic stability, and rural development, the work critically examines the limitations of current budgetary support systems in Kazakhstan and compares them with international best practices. The research analyzes the institutional and economic aspects of state regulation in agriculture, the effectiveness of various financial instruments, and the methodologies for evaluating budget support outcomes, including business value growth as a metric of economic efficiency. It further assesses foreign experiences in agricultural financing, identifying applicable strategies for Kazakhstan’s context. The monograph offers practical recommendations to improve the financial support mechanism, aiming to optimize budget allocation, enhance the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, and ensure long-term sustainable development in rural areas. Its findings are relevant for policymakers, economists, agricultural managers, and academic researchers engaged in agricultural economics and public financial management.